HUM Flashcard

HUM Hum Flashcard Hum

buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay

buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay Christian on Christian violence was evidence of the hypocrisy in the Christian society. The concern of Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice was the Christian and state intolerance on religion. That is the Catholics Protestant Problem which he brings out gradually in the plot but in a hidden way to avoid government censorship and persecution because the State and the Church we cordially the same. He highlights the conversion of Shylock to Christianity but Coonradt give a different view on this issue. It was rare to find conversion to Christianity from Jews. "Coerced conversions were virtually unheard of in the various narratives circulating about Jews in sixteenth-century England" (Shapiro, 1996). Coonradt quotes from Shapiros works. Therefore it could not be addressing the Anti-Semitism sentiments but the problems of the Catholics and the Protestants. These are view that it was the conversion into Protestantism from Catholicism and from protestant to Catholicism. Shylocks conversion was supposed to show the Christian mercies but indeed it was representative of the English law forcing Catholics to the Protestant front and as the Catholics would reverse the practice leading to the evidence of the Christian Catholic tussle (Coonradt, 2007). Shakespeare never knew any Jews and The Merchant of Venice was written in a time when the Jews had been banished from England for over 300 years (Laster, 2010). The many examples we have seen from the essay suggest that look beyond the surface when approaching Shakespeares work, quite literally, the play's very appearance deceives us unless we venture to read "otherwise." Quoting Hamiltons idea to give closer scrutiny to the play, where her looks at the play from the usual terms as it contemplates with the Jewish Question but she gives in to the idea of Shylocks conversion to be real. If we critically study The Merchant of Venice we may see that Shakespeare tries to test our perception in a different way when we read otherwise. At the tie of writing the play it is clear Shakespeare never had the Jewish sentiments in Mind but just the cocooning of the idea in the play was important for his survivl (Laster, 2010).. So justification of the point of conversion to be for real should be in the context of Protestant to catholic and catholic to protestant since there were very few Jews in England at that time and they lived there secretly (Laster, 2010). Using this quote; "Where men enforcd do speak anything" (3.2.32). We analyze the idea of the way the issue of conversion is used as a ploy and again the reader or viewer may be deceived by the appearances on the surface where the surface being the image of Judaism in the play. It may be a possibility that Shakespeare uses deception in the entire play, presenting it as a Jewish play, an anti-Semitic play when it really is not here we are left to wonder if the conversion of Shylock is true or just by the surface we see and the words he spoke to allege acceptance. The viewer is left to wonder if he would practice his own Jewish secretly. This is because the choice of Christianity is done for him by the Elizabethans (Coonradt, 2007). "Uncanny causality" is portrayed by the anti-Semitism sentiments in the play which are just a shadow of the real concerns of the play. Using this no person could tell whether Shakespeare was a devoted Catholic, a Protestant convert, or a Jew but he effectively portrays the extent of the bloody battles waged between Protestants and Catholics in the name of Christ, in the name of justice, and in the name of love and how destructive they were. Shakespeares subversive use of anti-Semitism as a veil of conveying an ironic message about the moral decadence of religion and the hatred and the hypocrisy of Christian love and "mercy" as he saw it being practiced in England(Coonradt, 2007). In England there were very stringent rules that suppressed freedom of speech and there was danger of treason by any Citizen and not forgetting the Authors of different works. This called for veiling any political utterances both on stage in England and outside England at that time (Kottmann, 2007). This was a way of escaping government censorship. Viewers and readers should not let the play's obvious anti-Jewish sentiment cloud our reading of the drama because we can see this as a cover and part of the hidden message that can not be addressed openly in the volatile political atmosphere of Early Modern England. William Shakespeare uses these anti-Jewish sentiments that Shakespeare knew fully well that they would pass the scrutiny of the "government censor no one had a problem with maligning Jews, what was described by Shylock as "the badge of all Jewish tribe" 1.3.109 by Shakespeare. This enables him to comment indirectly about the Catholic- Protestant crisis without being censored an d he was not taken to be against the Government of the day and its religious acts (Asquith, 2005). The author also notes that many poets and playwrights had to bow out of writing after immense presser from the Government and many of them of them might have undergone some form of government pressure such as interrogation by the Privy Council to imprisonment, exile, even death and this explains why they receded in the years 1549-1667 and 1552-1663 which are regarded to have experienced high levels of unrest as a result of religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants and in this periods "treason" proved damning thus no one could risk. This is also evidence that the book The Merchant of Venice highlighted issues to do with the rift between the Catholics and Protestants(Coonradt, 2007). In my clear understanding of the play and clear analysis by Coonradt, I strongly believe that the plays sentiments were greatly based on the issues of the moment in England. The problems in England as a result of the problems between the Catholics and Protestants were much more evident than the Jewish question. Thus I would say Shakespeare used the deception on the issue Anti-Semitic issues to be able to convey to the audience the more sensitive issues of the time; the Catholic- Protestant Problem. This criticism has been more persuasive (Sparknotes, 2010). The works of William Shakespeare are mostly engulfed with ambiguous points of analysis and it is always for the interest of the author depending on the time of the publication of the work and also it serves the purpose of literature since it gives a chance for a book to address different issues in the society Buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay

Lack of democracy in the 3rd world Research Paper

Lack of democracy in the 3rd world - Research Paper Example The paper will also provide information about third world countries that are claiming for a democratic system by conducting free elections but still authoritarian tendencies and political violence persists. An audit of the main components of a democratic system will also be part of this report. We take a gander at human rights, the arrangement of government and common society noting in specific the dynamic evolving nature of these elements. The report puts light on the reasons of the failure of the democratic system in third world countries. The interrelationship between democracy, legislation and development is discussed about next. Legislation is seen as a subset of the democratization process. Great legislation helps development and advertises democratic system. Here we also address the factors that could contribute to the sustainability of democratic system as well as will also discuss major development issues caused by the dictatorship. It will also provide an insight to the reasons for which democracy has failed or succeeded in different countries, however, it is not possible to narrate the whole story. At the end of the report a conclusion will be added to support all the findings regarding the lack of democracy and dictatorship in the third world. The democratic government is an institutional arrangement that permits participation through the elections or electoral process. The democracy is focused around two standards: political participation and political contestation (Dahl 1998). Political participation obliges that all the individuals who are qualified to vote can vote freely. Electoral processes must be free, reasonable, and focused. When the votes have been cast and the winner reported, power must be calmly exchanged starting with one individual then onto the next. These criteria are to be reproduced on a regional, state, and national level. Contestation alludes to the capability of individuals to

Week 7 didcussion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 didcussion 1 - Essay Example The lower level sexual offenders register for short periods, while more violent sexual assault offenders register for life. Many states have stiffened the punishments regarding sexual offenses, where some have attempted evaluating the death penalty for particular sexual assaults. Enforcement and convictions might be improved through capacity of the DNA analysis within the public crimes laboratories. Provide finances to local and state crime labs to help eradicate casework backlogs. The funding should abolish the database of the convicted offender and initiate aggressive programs to amass exhibits from the convicted offenders. Failure to comply with the requirements of registration should result in the filing of new charges. The sexual battery or sexual assault information should be posted online to enhance publicity (Buzawa, 2002, p. 78). The use of sexually explicit materials such as films, photographs, computer, videos, and other visual depictions is sexual abuse, which can cause psychological or physical harm to the minors involved. Besides shielding individual minors, regulating the child pornography, which gets produced by self, helps the state and congress to regulate child pornography to protect society and children (Zhang, 2010, p. 257). The fact is that, sexting of minors via any form of pornographic images affect all children deleteriously through a perception that children are sex objects. This can lead to further sexual exploitation and abuse of children. Sexting of minors generates an unwholesome atmosphere. The mental, emotional, and psychological development of children gets affected, thus destabilizes the parent’s efforts to encourage the sound, emotional, moral, and mental development of

What is the value of play to promoting children's all round learning Essay

What is the value of play to promoting children's all round learning and development - Essay Example Playing involves a great deal of things. It could be playing with fellow children, playing with toys, a child playing by themselves and or playing with adults like a parent or teacher. Playing is done a lot when a person is young and the games played go with stages i.e. as the child grows older the type of play changes with each stage that the child is growing, these stages of playing expose a child to new possibilities and experiences. Since Child play is a universal subject, many scholars have addressed the issue of play and have developed theories on the subject. Pioneers in childhood and also modern day scholars have also widely discussed the subject and reiterated on its importance in learning and development. Governments have also made sure that play has been incorporated in the school curriculum. It will also be important to look at how the international perspective on child play has influenced various legislations to be incorporated into the education curriculum. It will also be important to look at the very crucial role that adults play (Burton 2002). In recent years people have become busy and operating on tighter schedules. Children have not been spared and more academic expectations are being demanded from them. It is for this case that play has been included in the curriculum to provide children with an outlet. Play is an extra curricular activity that helps learners, especially young children, to release stress and anxiety that comes from a society that is currently demanding too much from them. Apart from this, play helps mostly in the development of a child both mentally and physically and also in many ways that help that child to learn. In development, play helps a child to become physically strong or fit, up until the child is able to crawl, playing ensures that the child develops a strong physique. It also acts as a form of much required exercises, games like running

Understand Different Approaches To Management And Leadership Commerce Essay

Understand Different Approaches To Management And Leadership Commerce Essay steve Ballmer, Microsoft.   Without a doubt, Mr. Ballmer is the worst CEO of a large publicly traded American company today.   Not only has he singlehandedly steered Microsoft out of some of the fastest growing and most lucrative tech markets (mobile music, handsets and tablets) but in the process he has sacrificed the growth and profits of not only his company but ecosystem companies such as Dell, Hewlett Packard and even Nokia.   The reach of his bad leadership has extended far beyond Microsoft when it comes to destroying shareholder value and jobs. Microsoft peaked at $60/share in 2000, just as Mr. Ballmer took the reins.   By 2002 it had fallen into the $20s, and has only rarely made it back to its current low $30s value.   And no wonder, since execution of new rollouts were constantly delayed, and ended up with products so lacking in any enhanced value that they left customers scrambling to find ways to avoid upgrades.   By Mr. Ballmers own admission Vista had over 200 man-years too much cost, and its launch, years late, met users avoiding upgrades.   Windows 7 and Office 2010 did nothing to excite tech users, in corporations or at home, as Apple took the leadership position in personal technology. So today Microsoft, after dumping Zune, dumping its tablet, dumping Windows CE and other mobile products, is still the same company Mr. Ballmer took control over a decade ago.   Microsoft is   PC company, nothing more, as demand for PCs shifts to mobile.   Years late to market, he has bet the company on Windows 8 as well as the future of Dell, HP, Nokia and others.   An insane bet for any CEO and one that would have been avoided entirely had the Microsoft Board replaced Mr. Ballmer years ago with a CEO that understands the fast pace of technology shifts and would have kept Microsoft current with market trends. Although hes #19 on Forbes list of billionaires, Mr. Ballmer should not be allowed to take such incredible risks with investor money and employee jobs.   Best he be retired to enjoy his fortune rather than deprive investors and employees of building theirs. There were a lot of notable CEO departures in 2012.   Research in Motion, Best Buy and American Airlines are just three examples.   But the 5 CEOs in this column are well on the way to leading their companies into the kind of problems those 3 have already discovered.   Hopefully the Boards will start to pay closer attention, and take action before things worsen. Some say that Steve Sinofsky, credited with bringing order to the sometimes-chaotic software development process at Microsoft partly by cutting layers of management, should be the man to replace Steve Ballmer. Meetings with Sinofsky can be tough, colleagues say, but he doesnt swear like Gates or scream like Ballmer. Sinofsky has blogged at length about his management ideas, and even taught a management class at Harvard Business School. Some of his best blogs were used as the basis for a book called One Strategy: Organization, Planning, and Decision Making, published by Wiley in 2010, which he co-authored with a Harvard academic. Sinofsky writes in his blog about cutting the number of managers between him and the lowest rung of the Windows unit to three or four from seven previously. This streamlining, along with rigorous planning, has become his signature at Microsoft, but has ruffled some feathers at the company because it has reduced the number of general manager positions, where people got to use a wide variety of skills, and focused instead on the core functions of making software: developing, testing and managing specific programs. But few dispute the results. For sure it flattens the organization, it definitely eliminates fiefdoms, said the former Windows executive. Bill Gates had the most amazing mind Ive ever encountered. You could show him a PowerPoint slide and he would ask why it was different from the one you showed him three years ago, said another former Microsoft executive. Steve Ballmer is the most intuitively mathematical person Ive ever worked with. Steve (Sinofsky) is neither of those things. Sources: http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2012/05/12/oops-5-ceos-that-should-have-already-been-fired-cisco-ge-walmart-sears-microsoft/3/ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46556568/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/t/microsofts-next-steve-windows-boss-faces-biggest-test/#.UAVLf_Wqnm4 Role An executive in the committee tasked to adviseMicrosoft CEO Steve Ballmer has just assigned you to conduct an investigation into how a sample of organisations, including Microsoft and one other company of your choosing, approach the management of their activities. Your analysis will extend into an examination of organisation structure and culture, as well as management style. Tasks: Using the facts of the company presented in the case above and that of another company of your choosing, compare and contrast different organisational structures and cultures (1.1) Explain how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business (1.2) Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work (1.3) Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations (2.1) Explain how organisational theory is the foundation for the practice of management (2.2) Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisation (2.3) GRADING Pass is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria. Merit Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions (M1) Characteristics / Possible Evidence Use of comparative chart that is sufficiently detailed to show that an effective approach to study and research has been applied to both organizations. Select and apply appropriate methods/techniques (M2) Characteristics / Possible Evidence Appropriate methods have been applied in organizational structure, culture and approaches to management related to given organizations as well as sources are justified. Distinction Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions (D1) Characteristics / Possible Evidence creativity has been used to generate and justify valid comments on approaches to management and styles of leadership. Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities (D2) Characteristics / Possible Evidence independence demonstrated and substantial activities have been planned, managed, and organised related to the practice of management and leadership. A REPORT ON MICROSOFT AND FEDEXS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND CULTURES Prepared for: Mr. John Andre (Lecturer) Organizations and Behavior Banking Academy, Hanoi BTEC HND in Business (Finance) Prepared by: TRAN MAI TRANG AMY Registration No.: ITP F05-229 (F05A) Submit Day: 21st November, 2012 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION The assignment is about six outcomes of Organizations and Behavior subject. The scenario company is Microsoft, founded in 1975, which is the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential (Microsoft, n.d.).The other company to compare with Microsoft is Federal Express Corporation (FedEx Express), the largest company in providing a portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services under the FedEx brand. FedEx Express is an express transportation company, offering time-certain delivery within one to three business days and serving markets. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (FedEx Ground) is a provider of small-package ground delivery service. FedEx Freight Inc (FedEx Freight) is a provider of less-than-truckload (LTL) freight services. FedEx Corporate Services, Inc. (FedEx Services) provides the Companys other companies with sales, marketing, information technology, communications and back-office support (Fe dEx, n.d.). This assignment is going to explain and compare the organizational structures, cultures, leadership styles and performance of these two companies to find out about the organizational theories that underpin the practice of management. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structures and culture 1.1.1 Microsofts structure and culture Microsofts Organizational Chart (The Official Board, 2012) According to the chart above, Microsoft has a flat structure. We can see that Microsoft has five product groups are Windows Live Windows Group, Server Software, Online Services, Microsoft Business and Entertainment and Devices. Each product group, which focuses on a specific line of goods and services, has one executive reports directly to the CEO. Each group has its own RD, sales, and customer service staff (Daft, 2009). This structure allows larger spans of control. Microsoft also has a matrix structure which works alongside the flat structure. The  matrix structure is a structure where project teams are made up of workers with various specialisms from different functions of a business (BPP, 2004). The legal structure of Microsoft is Limited Liability Company because the company went public on March 13, 1986 (Time, n.d.). Microsoft has a task culture because it is a huge company with 94,420 employees around the world, just 56,934 in USA only (Microsoft, n.d.). It is impossible to manage a firm of that huge amount of workers with a person culture or a power culture. A two-time award-winning journalist Kurt Eichenwald described Microsofts work culture as the cannibalistic culture; a management system known as stack-ranking a program that forces every unit to declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, good performers, average, and poor effectively crippled Microsofts ability to innovate, leading employees to compete with each other rather than competing with other companies (Vanity Fair, 2012). 1.1.2 FedExs structure and culture FedExs Organizational Chart (The Official Board, 2012) FedEx Corporation FedEx, introduced express delivery to the world in 1973, and is the worlds top express delivery service. The organizational structure of FedEx is flat. According to Organizational Behavior A Strategic Approach, FedEx Corporation should change their structure, because it adopted a multi-divisional structure (Hitt, Miller Colella, 2005). The corporation gives significant authorities to the subsidiaries. Operating independently, each subsidiary manages its own specialized network of services. FedEx employed over 280,000 employees worldwide (FedEx, n.d.), so obviously they have a task culture. The culture of FedEx is also market driven culture. All they care about is the customers; their culture center on the customer. They possess a strong customer-service organizational culture (McNeal, 2011). In short, both Microsoft and FedEx Corp. have a new style of management which is flat structure and task culture. However, FedEx is flatter than Microsoft in organizational structure. To look deeper, we can see differences in their culture as one cares about money, the other one cares about the customer. 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organizations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business 1.2.1 Microsoft Microsoft has a flat organizational structure and a task culture which is consider the new method of management. It is believed to be the right way to manage a company. This seems to works well when Microsofts 2011 revenue reached $69 billion (Microsoft, 2011). They make a very huge amount of money. The flat structure creates a lower hierarchy of power in Microsoft. It also allows CEOs direct involvement to make decision process quicker and less time consuming. Microsoft was topped ranking of the worlds 25 best multinational workplaces released by The Great Place to Work Institute (Industry Week, 2011). It is noticeable that employees satisfy their working environment in Microsoft. However, the stack ranking program can kill Microsofts creativity. The destructive management technique can be seen the key problem in Microsoft its management system (Frederick Allen, 2012). It can lead to risk of losing big amount of money. 1.2.2 FedEx FedEx increased revenue 12% in the February-to-May quarter and 13% in the fiscal year that ended May 31, reporting total annual revenue of $39.3 billion (William Cassidy, 2011). It is a large amount of money. The culture of FedEx influences its employees to work more effectively. It encourages them not only work hard but also work smart. FedExs managers also make right decisions, catching up with market trends and changing business needs. 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work The factors which influence individual behavior at work are: personality, perception, attitude, ability and aptitude, conflict, stress, and change. For the people of Microsoft, their personality is highly competitive. As discussed above, it is obviously that Microsoft has the culture of competition so the people who are working in a competitive culture will become competitive. If they are not yet competitive, the culture will itself make them competitive. Because they are competitive, they know how to get the money from customers and they will do it so well. Microsoft had always been characterized by a culture that was extremely competitive. When the company introduced new products then rocketing sales, the people responsible for the products did not meet to celebrate. Instead, they found what could have been done better instantly. Therefore, the company had always been a leading competitor, and Gates often sent out memos to remind employees about the competitive threats ahead. Gates truly drove a culture of innovation and vision (Microsoft People Problems, 2003). Thus, people were promoted to strive for the highest standards. However, when Gates left, Steve Ballmer has been a new CEO. Steve has been driving a culture of production rather than innovation (Kurt Eichenwald, 2012). For example, two ex-employees reviewd on Glassdor (Glassdoor is a website that collects information about workplaces and companies) that stack ranking made Microsoft be a less desirable place to work and higher stress workplace (Julie Bort, 2012). One more thing is that, Microsoft has discrimination between black and white workers of the corporation. In 2001, a group of current and former employees accused Microsoft of racism. The seven African American people required $5 billion in compensation, claiming they were paid less than their fellow employees and repeatedly passed over for promotions given to less-qualified white workers. The workers also claimed to have been subjected to racial harassment and retaliation when they complained. According to Willie Gary, who is a lawyer, pointed to 1999, government statistics that showed only 2.6% of Microsofts 21,429 employees, and only 1.6% of the companys 5,155 managers, were black (BBC, 2001). 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership style in different organizations 2.1.1 Microsoft Bill Gatess leadership styles are participative style and authoritative style. The reason is that, Gates involved his subordinates in decision making so they were good at delegating. He is a flexible person and he recognized his role was to be visionary of the company. Whenever needed, he brought professional managers for managing. Gates is a strong and energizing person. His enthusiasm, hard working nature and judgment skills reflect his personality. His motivating power and involving his friends to working with him became the success of Microsoft (Dip Kumar Dey,n.d.). Besides, Gates paid special attention to recruit and retain the best talent. He believed that the recruitment of talented software engineers was one of the most critical elements in the software industry. Gates looked for recruits who included the capacity to grasp new knowledge quickly and deep familiarity with programming structures. Despite a great number of potential recruits applied for jobs at Microsoft, Gates a ssumed that the best talent would never apply directly. Consequently, Microsofts HR managers had to hunt for the best talent and offer them a job. Giving autonomy to his managers, Gates delegated authorities to managers to run their independent departments. Gates involved a little in autocratic style, because control is basic to his nature and his management practice. He had an obsession with detail and with checking up. He tried to monopolize the World Wide Web software market and had legal problems with the department of justice. Also he did not like complaints (Dhananjay Kumar, n.d.). Microsoft used these styles of leadership very well as the company has great performance with net income of $14.569 billion (2009). 2.1.2 FedEx FedEx has a complex leadership style. The leadership style is combined between affiliative style, participative style and democratic style. Because FedEx has a flat structure; the managers give their subordinates authorities so they are good at delegating. Also, to be able to give subordinates authorities, they must trust their workers. Workers at FedEx are smart people so they do not want to be told what and how to do things. FedEx Corp. under the guidance of CEO Fred Smith has been named the Top  Corporation of the Decade by Fortune magazine (Dumain, 2004). Smith  was determined to make employees an integral part of the decision-making  process, due to his belief that when people are placed first they will provide the highest possible service and profits will follow (FedEx, n.d.). Microsoft and FedEx have different leadership styles so they apply it differently to create different working environment for their workers. However, they both earn a huge amount of profit and manage their company so well. FedEx seems to have the right way to apply its leadership style on its employees than Microsoft. 2.2 Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management 2.2.1 Theory X and Y It can be easily seen that Microsoft and FedEx use the Y theory. Because both companies care about how their employees feel. Furthermore, workers at Microsoft and FedEx are smart people so they do not want to be told things. Workers at Microsoft and FedEx are very ambitious, passionate and committed to their work. Because the work load at Microsoft is very pressure but there are still many people wish to work at Microsoft. Because the salary they pay is high, $87,965 for normal employees and much higher for managers, engineers or directors. They all have a regular salary over $100,000 each person (Salary List, 2011). Theory Y is about trust. Both Microsoft and FedEx have flat structure; authorities are given through the chain. Therefore, they must trust the workers. It creates not only the trust of managers in workers, but also the trust of workers in managers. This theory helps to build a strong relationship among workers and managers and then it leads to a strong organization. It i s obviously that Microsoft and FedEx are both strong in structure, culture and financial. 2.2.2 Scientific management FedEx doesnt apply this theory in its management. Because based on the theory, the application of this approach was to break each job down into its smallest and simplest component parts or motions (BPP, 2004). Although the theory improves productivity, it creates de-humanity in the organization. Moreover, everyone at FedEx is smart and talented. Therefore, it is wastes to hire smart people to tell them just do the same job day by day. Scientific management doesnt work in an organization that needs innovation and ideas like FedEx. 2.2.3 Bureaucracy Under the dominated decade of CEO Steve Ballmer, Microsoft applied this theory in its management. For this reason, Microsoft was complained that toxic environment and bad managers for anyone who want to join the corporation. Current and former employees in Microsoft were affected seriously by bureaucracy and management of the company for years (Matt Rosoff, 2011). According an article, employees in Microsoft were more concerned with impressing bosses than creating things (Rebecca Greenfield, 2012). They have no incentive to innovate. Nothing has changed at all since the departure of former CEO Bill Gates. It seems to be Steve Ballmer applied an inefficient management system. All things have not worked out. 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations 2.3.1 Human relation approach Both Microsoft and FedEx use this management approach to manage their organization. As analyzed above, Microsoft cares about its employees in a wrong way. Steve Ballmer applied a management system which damage peoples creativity, making them to be bored with their work. Now the dominant tech company belongs to Apple. For FedEx, they care about their employees in a different way. They give employees passion and convenient facilities that allows workers to be more develop. Both Microsoft and FedEx know that how workers feel affects how well they work. However, this method is about what workers think, doesnt matter how the leader thinks about the workers. It is matter that the leader can create an image in the workers mind that they are what the leader wants them to believe they are. 2.3.2 The contingency approach It all depends is what we can define this theory. Managers of both Microsoft and FedEx have find out what is the suitable way to manage, not to find out what is the one right way to manage. This is considered the new management way. Microsoft and FedEx are the new organizations: everything is international, everything is new, everything is faster and everything is turbulent (BPP, 2004). This managing method fits these two organizations because organizations change all the time. This method worked very well for FedEx as the leader of FedEx lead the company through the economic crisis in 2008 to survive (The New York Times, 2012) In total, contingency approach is the correct choice for their management. CONCLUSION How an organization achieves its goals and become successful is the managers and leaders concern. Therefore, leaders and managers should build good relationship with their subordinates as well as good organizational structure, culture and good leadership style.

Physics :: essays research papers

Electricity has three features that include current, voltage and resistance. Current is the flow of electrons round a circuit that is measured by the ammeter in amps (A). Whilst the voltage, refer to as potential difference, is the driving force that circulates the current around the circuit that acts like an electrical pressure. The unit of measurement for this is Volts (V), which is measured by a voltmeter. Resistance is a force that slows down the current; consequently it slows down the flow of current. This is measured in Ohms (W). Between the voltage and resistance there is equilibrium, where the voltage impels the current, whereas the resistance is opposing this electrical pressure. The relative sizes of the voltage and resistance decide how big the current will be. Increasing the voltage allows more current to flow, whilst increasing the resistance would decrease the amount of current flowing round the circuit. Discovered by George Ohm in 1826, the current is in direct relative amounts to the potential difference. If the temperature is kept constant as well as other conditions, Ohms law is obeyed. The graph on the side illustrates the current through a resistor is proportional to the voltage. V=IR gives the formula for Ohms law. In order for current to flow it requires electrons to carry the electric current. The electrons are the negative charge that can freely move about. Within metals there are a sea of electrons that can carry the electric current, which is reason why they conduct so well and are used for many purposes, such as wires. Factors During the investigation there will be many factors that will affect the resistance in a wire. These factors include:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Length of wire – If the wire length increases, the distance for the electrons to pass through would take a longer period of time since the electrons collide more with atoms of the wire. As a result there is an increase in resistance as the number of collisions cause the electrons to flow slowly, which justifies the term for resistance. Conversely if the length of the wire is shortened, the time taken for electrons to travel is reduced given that there are not as many electrons colliding with atoms. As results there are a small number of collisions, hence reduces the resistance.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thickness of wire - A wider breadth of the wire causes atoms within the wire to expand a small distance between each other.

Attendance and Daily Time Record System

Today, magnetic swipes are mostly used by many establishments and organizations to provide both security and convenience. Hotels use these as a replacement for the key system. Schools, specially the universities and college campuses also use these in the form of ID swipe system. (Ramsbrock, D. and Moskovchenko S. , 2011, p. 4) Researchers tested University of Maryland's Lenel System where the ID's of the students include their Social Security Number. The ID information can be used by the outsider for identity theft. Copying of these existing cards can be done without the help of electronics expertise. The internet provides the sale of commercial card reader and writer and can be used to create a duplicate of these ID cards. A more complicated but still basic attack on the ID is creating a card from a certain two information without actually having an access to the card. These information has been disclosed by the author due to security purposes. (Ramsbrock, D. and Moskovchenko S. , 2011, p. 4) Boarding School Student Systems (E-ID) Using Radio Frequency Identification RFID or Radio Frequency Identification does not require a person to do a manual scanning, but it uses radio waves to identify man, animals, or other materials plugged with RFID tag. This method compared with the manual ID scanning reduces man power and time to input data. RFID system is mostly made up of three components: An antenna or a coil, a tranceiver or a decoder, and an RFID tag which is very tiny and can be placed inside a human body for data storage and retrieving purposes. (Abdul Kahir H. , et al. 2009) RFID Matrix Card System was tested by researchers and proven efficient and handy. Students coming in and out the establishment can be monitored. Any individual without an RFID will trigger an alarm and the management can pull the students' information on the computer from their ID cards. (Abdul Kahir H. , et al. , 2009) Sampling in statistics, and survey methodology in selecting a subset, or a subgro up of individual within statistical population, to estimate characteristic of the whole population. Advantages of sampling are lower cost, faster data collection and a smaller data set improves accuracy and quality of data. Sampling involves several key stages defining the population concerned, specifying a sampling frame, specifying a sampling method, determining sample size, implementing the sampling plan and sampling with data gathering. The researchers chose to use non-probability sampling method (Arboleda, C. Writing a Thesis Proposal First Edition. 1998), specifically the incidental or accidental. The researchers first decided on the sample size by consulting with different school professors and with a thesis lecturer. After the consultations, the researchers decided to collect 100 surveys, as advised by the consultants. The researchers then proceeded to conduct the survey by handling out the surveys to the first 100 students who were more likely to return and re-enroll, were given more significance by the researchers as advised by those who were consulted. The researchers chose this sample method for three reasons. First, they had limited time, budget and workforce. Second, it was highly suggested by those consulted by the researchers. Third, it made statistical compilations easier by setting the size at 100. To maintain the quality and effectiveness of this survey research, the researchers chooses to have at least 100 samples. This survey evaluates the effectiveness and the impact to the student and faculties.

The Lyceum Address

The Lyceum Address Free Online Research Papers The Lyceum Address is Lincoln’s speech to Springfield, Illinois about Freedom and its significance. According to him, the relation between citizens and their country is vice-versa. The people are quite emotional about their country as it is a natural feeling and this relationship gets stronger and stronger if they get their full rights, which include freedom of speech, equality, and protection by the law and self-defense. He says it is the duty of the political government to take care of their people. He stresses over political and religious freedom. He says that it is the duty of the people in the present and future generation to fulfill all the promises made in the Declaration of Independence. He says we need to respect each other’s freedom and by doing so we will have a good relationship between the country and the people. Lincoln talks about mob rule. He does not want this taking over and which would have people disregard the law which keep law and order in America. He feels that his faith in the law will keep America safe from mobs and their controlling of it. This would give self-rule having peopled live according to rules of laws that they choose as a limitation to their freedom. Lincoln makes sure that a â€Å"mobocratic sprit is not the ruining of our country. Lincoln feels that the faith in the government is like the faith in the lord, calling it the â€Å"political religion† (Donald 167).Which represents the passion and trust needed to ensure the American government? With the political religion you have the political faith which would have you obeying the good laws and also the bad laws. Lincoln promised to obey â€Å"bad laws† when he was also running for president. He promised not to interfere with slavery in the South and promised to uphold the Fugitive Slave law, even though he knew that they were bad laws. Only thought when the south would secede did he start to get rid of the laws and change them. Lincoln feels that if you follow the laws set upon you even if good or bad the country will work for the better of the people. He feels that faith in law and order will keep America together and organized without violence such as mob rule. The Lyceum Address was given in 1838, during the time of the Panic of 1837. With the panic of 1837 we have the economy failing with the failure of the economy banks failed, thus leading to a high unemployment rate. This panic was made worse by a number of factors: â€Å"large debts incurred by states due to over-expansion of canals and the construction of railroads; an unfavorable balance of trade as imports exceeded exports, resulting in a loss of gold and silver to paper currencyâ€Å"(Whitley); and several crop failures in 1835 and 1837. The major cause of the panic, however, was the economic impact of land speculation. It was a period of mania. After the fall of Bank of the United States, state and wildcat banks grew rapidly during the 1830s. Funds were more easily available, and investors borrowed money at a high pace. Not only the small Western farmer, but merchants, manufacturers and traders also borrowed heavily. The business community, rather than paying off their debts an d refinancing new ventures, anticipated greater returns if they invested their borrowed money in enterprises investments that, they hoped, would greatly increase in value. The big investments were in the vast amounts of readily available cheap land. Between 1834 and 1836, sales totaled 37 million acres. By 1836, sales were ten times greater than they were in 1830. Land office business was the order of the day. President Jackson issued the Specie Circular. This order mandated all land offices to accept only gold and silver, rather than rag money, in payment for public lands. Since state banks did not have specie backing, land sales dropped. The mania continued to spread, despite the Federal Governments attempts to halt it, or at least to curb the holding of large pieces of land. During this time we had President Van Buren a Democrat and Lincoln who was a Whig at this time. Lincoln was against his polices. The Whigs such as â€Å"Lincoln wanted an activist government that would promo te banks, tariffs, and internal improvements† (Wilson96). Lincoln was not pleased with Van Buren because, Van Buren wanted a limited government and laissez-faire economics. Van Buren feels that the people should self-govern where Lincoln feels that what the founding fathers has said in the constitution is what are country should follow that they were not in it for fame but to better the country unlike Buren. Lincoln still feels there are dangers coming in the future that could threaten the American system. He feels that the passion in the people and in the country has helped us but can no longer do anymore. With these ideas Lincoln wants to adopt the â€Å"political religion. Lincoln ran for the Illinois legislature in 1832 he was unsuccessful in doing so though. Two years later he was elected to the lower house for the first of four successive terms (until 1841) as a Whig. His membership in the Whig Party was natural. Lincolns father was a Whig, and the partys ambitious prog ram of national economic development was the perfect solution to the problems Lincoln had seen. His first platform announced that the poorest and most thinly populated countries would be greatly benefited by the opening of good roads, and in the clearing of navigable streams. â€Å"There cannot justly be any objection to having rail roads and canals(Donald 67). As a Whig, Lincoln supported the Second Bank of the United States, the Illinois State Bank, government-sponsored internal improvements (roads, canals, railroads, harbors), and protective tariffs. His Whig vision of the West came from Henry Clay. Unlike most successful American politicians, Lincoln was about agriculture, calling farmers in 1859 neither better nor worse than any other people. He remained conscious of his origins and, was therefore sympathetic to labor. He admired the American system of economic opportunity in which the man who labored for another last year, this year labors for himself, and next year he will hire others to labor for himâ€Å" (Warfel 58.) Slavery was the opposite of opportunity and mobility, and Lincoln stated his political opposition to it in 1837. In this time in history people in America were working on farms and Slavery was becoming a big issue. â€Å"Lincoln was losing interest in politics(Miller) when the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by Congress in 1854. This legislation opened lands previously closed to slavery to the possibility of its spread by local option (popular sovereignty); Lincoln viewed the provisions of the act as immoral. Although he was not an abolitionist and thought slavery unassailably protected by the Constitution in states where it already existed, Lincoln also thought that Americas founders had put slavery on the way to ultimate extinction by preventing its spread. He saw this act, which had been sponsored by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas, as a new and alarming development. The Whig and Democratic Party were in conflict to many things. The Democrats were in favor of states rights, meaning less federal involvement in the development of the states, whereas the Whigs were favoring a federal gove rnment, faith in the law, and must of them were anti-slavery. The Whigs celebrated Clays vision of the American System that promoted rapid economic and industrial growth in the United States. Whigs demanded government support for a more modern, market-oriented economy, in which skill, expertise and bank credit would count for more than physical strength or land ownership. Whigs sought to promote faster industrialization through high tariffs, a business-oriented money supply based on a national bank, and a vigorous program of government funded internal improvements, especially expansion of the road and canal systems. To modernize the inner American, the Whigs helped create public schools, private colleges, charities, and cultural institutions. The Democrats went to the Jeffersonian ideal of an egalitarian agricultural society, advising that traditional farm life. In general the Democrats enacted their policies at the national level, while the Whigs succeeded in passing modernization projects in most states. To Lincoln the U.S. Constitution is the political religion of the nation. Lincoln’s political religion is not religious he speaks of religion but is more on a political faith. It represents the passion and trust necessary to ensure the American life. For the political religion is being part of political faith. With this faith you have the understanding and obeying of the laws set forth by the government. This idea of the political religion will shape Lincolns later political goals and policies. Research Papers on The Lyceum Address19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Throes vs Throws - Commonly Confused Words

Throes vs Throws - Commonly Confused Words The words throes and throws  are  homophones: They sound alike but have different meanings. The plural noun throes means a great struggle or a condition of agonizing pain or trouble. The idiom in the throes of means in the midst of some painful or difficult experience.Throws is the third-person present singular form of the verb throwto toss, hurl, or discharge. Examples They simulated agonized death throes, rolling around on the ground, twisting their bodies into grotesque shapes and making hideous faces. (Ken Follett, The Pillars of the Earth)In the late 1970s, Uganda was in the throes of economic collapse, and there were long lines in Kampala for even the most basic goods.A young lady appears at the window and throws kisses to the crowd.A sacrifice bunt should be attempted only when the pitcher throws a strike. Practice: My four-year-old son whines and _____ a fit every time we try to take him to the playground.The country was in the _____ of revolution, and the king was compelled to abdicate.Gertrude _____ flowers into Ophelias grave, saying, Sweets to the sweet. Farewell.If you are in the _____ of a hurricane, steer for the calm spot. Answers My four-year-old son whines and  throws  a fit every time we try to take him to the playground.The country was in the  throes  of revolution, and the king was compelled to abdicate.Gertrude  throws  flowers into Ophelias grave, saying, Sweets to the sweet. Farewell.If you are in the  throes  of a hurricane, steer for the calm spot.

Music - the ministrel show Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Music - the ministrel show - Assignment Example The passage relates to the topic of impact of stereotypes in the society and creates a deep message for the white Americans that discriminated the black people slave trade era. From the passage one learns that the minstrel shows and the entire music industry could be instrumental in delivering messages not deeply received through other forms. The passage raises questions about the efforts of the Americans in combating the injustices towards the black Americans. More information would be necessary to show the aftermath of the minstrel performances on the welfare of the African-Americans. â€Å"Early minstrelsy was not only about race, but also class and region; it was as much anti-Southern as it was anti-black. There were also black minstrel troupes, comprised largely of African-American men (Brooker and Clayton Minstrel Show, Thomas Dilward, William Henry Lane, Callendars Minstrels, and Blackbirds) imitating poor and uneducated African-Americans from the south† (OTRCAT.com 4). This passage was chosen because it shows the diverse impacts of the minstrel shows on the society that goes beyond undermining the African cultures. The shows were mainly intended to humiliate the African Americans but in contrast it affected the entire southern society. The passage relates to the topic of development of the stereotypes due to the minstrel show and impacts to the entertainment industry as well as the society. Through the passage, one learns about the emergence of stereotypes imitating uneducated Black Americans that shows influence in the entertainment industry. It also shows some superior capabilities/ talents for of the black southerners. It raises question based on the educational status of Africans and more information would be needed on the educational developments for southerners due to the performances of the

Contemporary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Contemporary - Essay Example Lastly, technological advances such as synthesizers became prevalent in the field of music and began to be used in ways classical music had never before experienced. Naturally, such a time of political and societal unrest gave way to many new ideologies, new movements, new perspectives, and most importantly for purposes of this brief analysis, new forms of classical music. Classical music composers were faced with all of the aforementioned issues and in addition to that were given new tools with which to accentuate their music. The birth of the synthesizer and the use of computers in musical compositions were both immediately co-opted into music as composers and musicians alike attempted to delineate their music through their use. Likewise, greater and more prolific use of atonality, dissonance, and minimalism were employed to a greater and greater extent. Arnold Schoenberg, a composer whose career spanned both 20th century and contemporary periods, will be analyzed in this brief study. Schoenberg’s characteristically atonal, experimental, and minimalist styles can be amply heard in A Survivor of Warsaw Op. 46 1947. The piece is symbolic of Schoenberg’s unique style, the elements of the contemporary period, as well as the socio-political disturbances that gave rise to so much of the anxt filled music of the era. Firstly and most prominently, the piece features Schoenberg’s full and extravagant use of atonality and dissonance which had become such a characteristic of the prior 20th century; however, in addition, Schoenberg fully employed the 12 tone technique (also known as dodecaphony) for which he became renowned. This piece critiques modern society in that the atonality, the purposeful confusion, and the minimalism all work towards describing the sheer and utter depravity of humankind without taking away from the story by an overly ornate or complex musical tone. Simply stated, where other pieces may have lost some meaning by purposely